Clark J Gantzer

Emeritus Professor of Soil & Water Conservation


School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri

Cell Phone: 573-823-0611

E-mail: Gantzerc@missouri.edu

Address: 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building

Experience

Ph.D. Soil Science. 1980, University of Minnesota

Soil & Water Conservation & Management, and Applied Soil Physics Research Includes:

Measurement and prediction of soil erosion,

Measurement of soil structure and its relationship to soil productivity and quality Improved conservation and management methods.

Improved conservation and management methods.


Research Highlights

Application of fractal analysis to quantify soil

structure from x-ray computed tomography (CT) scan

images. Estimation of fractal lacunarity using CT

data. Method have proved useful as a quantitative tool

to describe soil structure (Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

60:1718-1724; Water Resour. Res. 30:691-700.

Application of a fractal-like topological method called

Multiple Resolution Blankets (MRB) to quantify soil

structure using fuzzy logic to predict soil hydraulic

conductivity using CT scan data (Intelligent

Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural

Networks 11:307-312).


Development of methods to non-destructively

measure soil bulk density and water content in

soils with CT. This work was the first to

accurately explain x-ray attenuation coefficients

using soil mineral concentrations (Soil Sci. Soc.

Am. J. 52:35-40; Irrig. Sci. 10:63-71).

Development a technique for using CT for

measurement of soil bio-pores (Geoderma 46:13-

29; Geoderma 53:329-340).


Research on in situ soil hydraulic conductivity

of a benchmark Missouri soil (Soil Sci. Soc.

Am. J. 2002 66:1596-1602). Application of an

inverse method to determine soil porosity and

hydraulic conductivity distributions on a small

core using CT-measured breakthrough

experiments. (Geol. Soc. London Spec. Pub.

215:135-149).


Research to reduce soil erosion, including use of

stiff-stemmed warm season grass hedges. This

work has identified a new, economical method to

remove nitrogen, phosphorous from runoff.

Ongoing research suggests that these buffers can

also decrease pesticide transport in surface runoff.

(Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:1386-1393; Soil Sci. Soc.

Am. J. 68:2000-2006).


Publications

Udawatta, R.P., and C.J. Gantzer. 2022. Soil and water ecosystem services of agroforestry J. Soil Water Conserv. 77 (1): 5A-11A.

Rankoth, Lalith, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Stephen H. Anderson, Clark J. Gantzer, and Salah Alagele. 2021. Cover crop influence on soil water dynamics for a corn-soybean rotation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 4(3): e20175

Udawatta, R. P., C. J. Gantzer, T. M. Reinbott, R. L. Wright, R. A. Pierce, II, and W. Wehtje. 2020. Influence of species composition and management on biomass production in missouri. Agriculture (Switzerland) 10 (3): : Article number 75.

Haruna, Samuel I, Stephen H Anderson, Ranjith P Udawatta, Clark J Gantzer, Nathan C Phillips, Song Cui, and Ying Gao. 2020. Improving soil physical properties through the use of cover crops: A review. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 3 (1):e20105.

Gantzer, Clark J, and Stephen H Anderson. 2020. The Soil and Water Conservation Society: The Society’s beginning. 1-11. In Soil and Water Conservation: A Celebration of 75.

Delgado, J.A., C.J. Gantzer, and G.F. Sassenrath. (eds). 2020. Soil and Water Conservation: A Celebration of 75 Years. Ankeny, IA: Soil and Water Conserv. Soc.

Delgado, Jorge A, Clark J Gantzer, and Gretchen F Sassenrath (eds). 2020. The Future of Soil, Water, and Air Conservation. 307-331. In Soil and Water Conservation: A Celebration of 75 Years. Ankeny, IA: Soil and Water Conserv. Soc.

Rankoth, L. M., R. P. Udawatta, C. J. Gantzer, S. Jose, K. Veum, and H. A. Dewanto. 2019. Cover crops on temporal and spatial variations in soil microbial communities by phospholipid fatty acid profiling. Agron. J. 111 (4):1693-1703.

Rankoth, L. M., R. P. Udawatta, C. J. Gantzer, S. Jose, and K. A. Nelson. 2019. Cover crop effects on corn plant sap flow rates and soil water dynamics. Crop Science 59 (5):2227-2236.

Cai, Z., R. P. Udawatta, C. J. Gantzer, S. Jose, L. Godsey, and L. Cartwright. 2019. Economic impacts of cover crops for a missouri wheat-corn-soybean rotation. Agriculture (Switzerland) 9 (4).

Gantzer, Clark J., Stephen H. Anderson, and Randall J. Miles. 2018. The centennial of the first erosion plots. J. Soil Water Conserv. 73 (3):57-59.

Andrew Manale, Andrew Sharpley, Catherine DeLong, David Speidel, Clark Gantzer, John Peterson, Rex Martin, Care Lindahl, and Naveen Adusumilli. 2018. Principles for Soil and Water Conservation. J. Soil Water Conserv. 73 (4):83a-84a.

Zaibon, Syaharudin , Stephen H. Anderson, Allen L. Thompson, Newell R. Kitchen, Clark J. Gantzer, and Samuel I. Haruna. 2017. Soil water infiltration affected by topsoil thickness in row crop and switchgrass production systems. Geoderma 286:46–53.

Weerasekara, C, R. P. Udawatta, C.J. Gantzer, R. J. Kremer, S. Jose, and Kristen Veum. 2017. Effects of cover crops on soil quality: selected chemical and biological parameters. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 48 (17):2074–2082.

Udawatta, Ranjith P., Clark J. Gantzer, and Shibu Jose. 2017. Agroforestry practices and ecosystem services. p. 305-333. In Soil Health and Intensification of Agroecosystems, edited by M. Al-Kaisi and B. Lowery: Elsevier.

Robert A. Pierce II, Ray L. Wright, Clark J. Gantzer, Tim M. Reinbott, Ranjith P. Udawatta, and Robert Kallenbach. 2017. Using Native Warm-Season Grass, Forb and Legume Mixtures for Biomass, Livestock Forage and Wildlife Benefits: A Case Study. Unviversity of Missouri Extension g9424. Columbia, MO.

Acikgoz, S., S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, A. L. Thompson, and R. J. Miles. 2017. 125 years of soil and crop management on Sanborn Field: Effects on soil physical properties related to soil erodibility. Soil Science 182 (5):172-180.

Udawatta, Ranjith P., Clark J. Gantzer, Timothy M. Reinbott, Ray L. Wright, and Robert A. Pierce. 2016. Yield Differences Influenced by Distance from Riparian Buffers and Conservation Reserve Program. Agron. J. 108 (2):647-655.

Udawatta, R. P., Clark J. Gantzer, Stephen H. Anderson, and Shmuel Assouline. 2016. Synchrotron microtomographic quantification of geometrical soil pore characteristics affected by compaction. Soil 2:211–220.

Svoma, Bohumil M., and Clark J. Gantzer. 2016. Regional climatological probabilities to increase success and reduce risk in rain-fed cover crop management. J. Soil Water Conserv. 71 (5):377-384.

Delgado, J. A., and C. J. Gantzer. 2015. The 4Rs for cover crops and other advances in cover crop management for environmental quality. J. Soil Water Conserv. 70 (6):142A-145A.

Cetin, Evren. 2015. Soil and crop management influences on soil physical quality of Sanborn Field, SEAS, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

Bay, M. K., A. L. Thompson, K. A. Sudduth, and C. J. Gantzer. 2014. An online planning tool for designing terrace layouts. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 30 (6):905-914.

Gantzer, C. 2013. A certain wholeness: The dividends of conservation. J. Soil Water Conserv. 68 (6):155A-158A.

Udawatta, R. P., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, A. M. Rossi, R. C. Graham, and R. A. Ketcham. 2012. Analysis of three-dimensional geometrical pore parameters from rock weathering. Soil Science 177 (8):506-516.

Gantzer, C.J. 2012. Avoiding the Cycle of Soil Erosion. Soil and Water Conservation Society - Conservogram June:8.

Lee, S. S., C. J. Gantzer, A. L. Thompson, and S. H. Anderson. 2011. Polyacrylamide efficacy for reducing soil erosion and runoff as influenced by slope. J. Soil Water Conserv. 66 (3):172-177.

Murphy, C. A., A. L. Thompson, and C. J. Gantzer. 2010. Polyacrylamide influence on runoff and sediment detachment from a silt loam soil. Transactions of the ASABE 53 (1):31-38.

Lee, S.S., C.J. Gantzer, A.L. Thompson, S.H. Anderson. 2010. Polyacrylamide and gypsum amendments for erosion and runoff control on two dissimilar soils. J. Soil Water Conserv. 65:233-237.

Kumar, S., S. H. Anderson, R. P. Udawatta, and C. J. Gantzer. 2010. CT-measured macropores as affected by agroforestry and grass buffers for grazed pasture systems. Agroforestry Syst.:1-7.

Kim, H., S. H. Anderson, P. P. Motavalli, and C. J. Gantzer. 2010. Compaction effects on soil macropore geometry and related parameters for an arable field. Geoderma 160 (2):244-251.

Kazemi, H. V., S. H. Anderson, K. W. Goyne, and C. J. Gantzer. 2009. Aldicarb and carbofuran transport in a Hapludalf influenced by differential antecedent soil water content and irrigation delay. Chemosphere 74 (2):265-273.

Udawatta, R. P., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, and H. E. Garrett. 2008. Agroforestry and grass buffer effects on pore characteristics measured by high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72 (2):295-304.

Udawatta, R. P., S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, and H. E. Garrett. 2008. Influence of prairie restoration on CT-measured soil pore characteristics. J. Environ. Qual. 37 (1):219-228.

Rachman, A. , S. H. Anderson, E. E. Alberts, A. L. Thompson, and C. J. Gantzer. 2008. Predicting Runoff and Sediment Yield from a Stiff-Stemmed Grass Hedge System for a Small Watershed. Trans. ASABE. 51(2) 425-432.

Lee, Sang Soo, C. J. Gantzer, A. L. Thompson, S. H. Anderson, and R. A. Ketcham. 2008. Using high-resolution computed tomography analysis to characterize soil-surface seals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72 (5):1478-1485.

Kumar, S., S. H. Anderson, L. G. Bricknell, R. P. Udawatta, and C. J. Gantzer. 2008. Benefits of agroforestry and grass buffers in grazed pasture systems. J. Soil Water Conserv. 63 (4):224-232.

Kumar, Sandeep, S.H. Anderson, Laura G. Bricknell, R.P. Udawatta, and C.J. Gantzer. 2008. Soil hydraulic properties influenced by agroforestry and grass buffers for grazed pasture systems. J. Soil Water Conserv. 63:224-232.

Kazemi, H. V., S. H. Anderson, K. W. Goyne, and C. J. Gantzer. 2008. Spatial variability of bromide and atrazine transport parameters for a Udipsamment. Geoderma 144 (3-4):545-556.

Repeated Author. 2008. Atrazine and alachlor transport in claypan soils as influenced by differential antecedent soil water content. J. Environ. Qual. 37 (4):1599-1607.

Gantzer, C. J. . 2008. Help Promote Use of Cover Crops. Soil and Water Conservation - Conservogram Oct:9.

Lin, C.H., R.N. Lerch, H.E. Garrett, C.J. Gantzer, and S.H. Anderson. 2007. Utilizing vegetative buffer strips to remove dissolved and sediment-bound atrazine, metolachlor and glyphosate from surface water runoff. p. 113-121. In North American Agroforestry Conference. Quebec.

Gantzer, C., and S. Anderson. 2007. The quest for answers leads to more questions [2]. J. Soil Water Conserv. 62 (5).

Udawatta, R. P., S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, and H. E. Garrett. 2006. Agroforestry and grass buffer influence on macropore characteristics: A computed tomography analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70 (5):1763-1773.

Gantzer, C.J., S. Assouline, and S.H. Anderson. 2006. Synchrotron CMT measured soil physical properties influenced by soil compaction. Final Report BARD Project Number: US-3393-03. In Final Report BARD Project Number: US-3393-03. Bet Dagan, Israel.

Fierer, N., and R. B. Jackson. 2006. The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 (3):626-631.

Cruse, R., D. Flanagan, J. Frankenberger, B. Gelder, D. Herzmann, D. James, W. Krajewski, M. Kraszewski, J. Laflen, J. Opsomer, and D. Todey. 2006. Daily estimates of rainfall, water runoff, and soil erosion in Iowa. J. Soil Water Conserv. 61 (4):191-199.

Blanco-Canqui, H., C. J. Gantzer, and S. H. Anderson. 2006. Performance of grass barriers and filter strips under interrill and concentrated flow. J. Environ. Qual. 35 (6):1969-1974.

Seobi, T., S. H. Anderson, R. P. Udawatta, and C. J. Gantzer. 2005. Influence of grass and agroforestry buffer strips on soil hydraulic properties for an Albaqualf. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69 (3):893-901.

Rachman, A., S. H. Anderson, and C. J. Gantzer. 2005. Computed-tomographic measurement of soil macroporosity parameters as affected by stiff-stemmed grass hedges. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69 (5):1609-1616.

Rachman, A., S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, and A. L. Thompson. 2004. Influence of stiff-stemmed grass hedge systems on infiltration. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68 (6):2000-2006.

Rachman, A., S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, and E. E. Alberts. 2004. Soil hydraulic properties influenced by stiff-stemmed grass hedge systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68 (4):1386-1393.

Blanco-Canqui, H., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, and A. L. Thompson. 2004. Soil berms as an alternative to steel plate borders for runoff plots. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68 (5):1689-1694.

Blanco-Canqui, H., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, E. E. Alberts, and A. L. Thompson. 2004. Grass barrier and vegetative filter strip effectiveness in reducing runoff, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loss. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:1670-1678.

Blanco-Canqui, H., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, and E. E. Alberts. 2004. Tillage and crop influences on physical properties for an Epiaqualf. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68 (2):567-576.

Repeated Author. 2004. Grass barriers for reduced concentrated flow induced soil and nutrient loss. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68 (6):1963-1972.

Rachman, A., S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, and A. L. Thompson. 2003. Influence of long-term cropping systems on soil physical properties related to soil erodibility. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67 (2):637-644.

Motavalli, P. P., S. H. Anderson, P. Pengthamkeerati, and C. J. Gantzer. 2003. Use of soil cone penetrometers to detect the effects of compaction and organic amendments in claypan soils. Soil Tillage Res. 74 (2):103-114.

Anderson, S. H., H. Wang, R. L Peyton, and C. J. Gantzer. 2003. Estimation of porosity and hydraulic conductivity from x-ray CT-measured solute breakthrough. pp.135-149, Vol. 215. Edited by F. Mees, R. Swennen, M. Van Geet and P. Jacobs, GSL Special Publications Applications of X-ray Computed Tomography the Geosciences Special Publication 215. London, UK: Geol. Soc, of London.

Gantzer, C. J., and S. H. Anderson. 2002. Computed tomographic measurement of macroporosity in chisel-disk and no-tillage seedbeds. Soil Tillage Res. 64 (1-2):101-111.

Cheng, Z., S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, and J. W. Van Sambeek. 2002. Soil structure characterized using computer tomographic images. Proc. 13th Central Hardwoods Forest Conf.:368-374.

Blanco-Canqui, H., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, E. E. Alberts, and F. Ghidey. 2002. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and its impact on simulated runoff for claypan soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66 (5):1596-1602.

Zhu, J. C., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, R. L. Peyton, and E. E. Alberts. 2001. Comparison of concentrated-flow detachment equations for low shear stress. Soil Tillage Res. 61 (3-4):203-212.

Thompson, A. L., T. P. Regmi, F. Ghidey, C. J. Gantzer, and A. T. Hjelmfelt. 2001. Influence of Kinetic Energy On Infiltration And Erosion. Pp. 151-154 in Soil Erosion Research for the 21st Century, Proc. Int. Symp. (3-5 January 2001, Honolulu, HI, USA). Eds. J.C. Ascough II and D.C. Flanagan. St. Joseph, MI: ASAE.

Hu, Q., C. J. Gantzer, P. K. Jung, and B. L. Lee. 2000. Rainfall erosivity in the republic of Korea. J. Soil Water Conserv. 55 (2):115-120.

Kazemi, H. V., J. S. Morris, S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, and G. A. Buyanovsky. 1998. Measurement of bromide ion used as a solute-transport monitor via epithermal neutron activation analysis. J, Radio. Nuc. Chem. 235 (1-2):249-254.

Jordan, D., J. A. Stecker, V. N. Cacnio-Hubbard, F. Li, C. J. Gantzer, and J. R. Brown. 1997. Earthworm activity in no-tillage and conventional tillage systems in Missouri soils: A preliminary study. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29 (3-4):489-491.

Zeng, Y., C. J. Gantzer, R. L. Peyton, and S. H. Anderson. 1996. Fractal dimension and lacunarity of bulk density determined with x-ray computed tomography. Soil Sci. Soc.Am. J. 60 (6):1718-1724.

Zhu, J. C., C. J. Gantzer, R. L. Peyton, E. E. Alberts, and S. H. Anderson. 1995. Simulated Small-Channel Bed Scour and Head Cut Erosion Rates Compared. Soil Sci. Soc.Am. J. 59 (1):211-218.

Peyton, R. L., S. H. Anderson, and C. J. Gantzer. 1995. Termiticide Leachate from Building Foundation Drains. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng.-ASCE 121 (5):322-326.

Peyton, R. L., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, B. A. Haeffner, and P. Pfeifer. 1994. Fractal Dimension to Describe Soil Macropore Structure Using X-Ray Computed-Tomography. Water Resour. Res. 30 (3):691-700.

Peyton, R. L., S. H. Anderson, C. J. Gantzer, J. W. Wigger, D. J. Heinze, and Wang Hong. 1994. Soil-core breakthrough mesured by X-ray computed tomography. Tomography of soil-water-root processes. Proc. symposium, Minneapolis, 1992:59-71.

Ghebreiyessus, Y. T., C. J. Gantzer, E. E. Alberts, and R. W. Lentz. 1994. Soil erosion by concentrated flow: shear stress and bulk density. Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers 37 (6):1791-1797.

Thompson, A. L., C. J. Gantzer, and R. D. Hammer. 1992. Productivity of a Claypan Soil under Rain-Fed and Irrigated Conditions. J. Soil Water Conserv. 47 (5):405-410.

Peyton, R. L., B. A. Haeffner, S. H. Anderson, and C. J. Gantzer. 1992. Applying X-Ray Ct to Measure Macropore Diameters in Undisturbed Soil Cores. Geoderma 53 (3-4):329-340.

Lindstrom, M. J., T. E. Schumacher, A. J. Jones, and C. Gantzer. 1992. Productivity index model comparison for selected soils in north central United States. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation 47 (6):491-494.

Anderson, S. H., R. L. Peyton, J. W. Wigger, and C. J. Gantzer. 1992. Influence of Aggregate Size on Solute Transport as Measured Using Computed-Tomography. Geoderma 53 (3-4):387-398.

Zhu, J. C., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, P. R. Beuselinck, and E. E. Alberts. 1991. Water-Use Evaluation of Winter Cover Crops for No-Till Soybeans. J. Soil Water Conserv. 46 (6):446-449.

Thompson, A. L., C. J. Gantzer, and S. H. Anderson. 1991. Topsoil Depth, Fertility, Water Management, and Weather Influences on Yield. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55 (4):1085-1091.

Gantzer, C. J., S. H. Anderson, A. L. Thompson, and J. R. Brown. 1991. Evaluation of Soil Loss after 100 Years of Soil and Crop Management. Agron. J. 83 (1):74-77.

Repeated Author. 1990. Estimating soil erosion after 100 years of cropping on Sanborn Field. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation 45 (6):641-644.

Anderson, S. H., R. L. Peyton, and C. J. Gantzer. 1990. Evaluation of constructed and natural soil macropores using X-ray computed tomography. Geoderma 46 (1-3):13-29.

Anderson, SH, CJ Gantzer, and JR Brown. 1990. Soil physical properties after 100 years of continuous cultivation. J. Soil Water Conserv. 45 (1):117-121.

Zhu, J. C., C. J. Gantzer, S. H. Anderson, E. E. Alberts, and P. R. Beuselinck. 1989. Runoff, soil, and dissolved nutrient losses from no-till soybean with winter cover crops. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53 (4):1210-1214.

Anderson, S.H., and C.J. Gantzer. 1989. Determination of soil water content by X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Irrig. Sci. 10(1):63-71.

Anderson, S. H., C.J. Gantzer, J.M. Boone, and J.R. Tully. 1988. Rapid nondestructive bulk density and soil water content determination by computed tomography. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:35-40.

Gantzer, C.J., and T.R. McCarty. 1987. Predicting corn yields on a claypan soil using a soil productivity index. Trans. ASAE 30 (5):1347-1352.

Gantzer, C. J., G.A. Buyanovsky, E.E. Alberts, and P.A. Remley. 1987. Effects of soybean and corn residue decomposition on soil strength and splash detachment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51:202-206.

Anderson, S.H., and C.J. Gantzer. 1987. Determination of soil water content by X-ray computed tomography and NMR imaging. p. 239-245. In Proc. Inter. Conf. on Measurement of Soil and Plant Water Status. Utah State University, 6-10 July 1987.

Römkens, M.J.M., S.Singarayar, and C.J. Gantzer. 1986. An automated non-contact profile meter. Soil Tillage Res. 6:193-202.

Buyanovsky, G.A., G.H. Wagner, and C.J. Gantzer. 1986. Soil respiration in a winter wheat ecosystem. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50:338-344.

McCarty, T.R., J.M. Gregory, and C.J. Gantzer. 1985. Water use and yields of corn and soybeans. p. 284. In Erosion and soil productivity. Proc. Natl. Symp. Erosion and Productivity, New Orleans, LA. 10-11 December 1984. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.

Gantzer, C.J., and T.R. McCarty. 1985. Corn yield prediction for a claypan soil using a productivity index. p. 170-181. In Erosion and soil productivity. Proc. Natl. Symp. Erosion and Productivity, New Orleans, LA. 10-11 December 1984. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.

Gantzer, C.J., E.E. Alberts, and W.H. Bennett. 1985. An electronic discriminator to eliminate the problem of horizontal raindrop drift. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:211-215.

Schnepf, Max. 1983. Editorial: Why a special issue? J. Soil Water Conserv. 38 (3):134.

Romkens, M. J. M., S. Singarayar, and C. J. Gantzer. 1982. AUTOMATED NONCONTACT SURFACE PROFILE METER.

Sharma, P.P., C.J. Gantzer, and G.R. Blake. 1981. Hydraulic gradients across simulated rain-formed soil surface seals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45:1031-1034.

Gantzer, C.J., and G.R. Blake. 1978. Physical characteristics of Le Sueur clay loam soil following no-till and conventional tillage. Agron. J. 70:853-857.